Ukusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, ingxaki yokusilela kushishino lweenqanawa zamazwe ngamazwe ibibalasele ngakumbi.Amaphephandaba axhaphakile kwiziganeko zokuxinana.Amaxabiso okuthumela anyuke ngokuguqukayo kwaye akwinqanaba eliphezulu.Impembelelo embi kuwo onke amaqela iye yavela ngokuthe ngcembe.
Iziganeko zarhoqo zokuvaleka kunye nokulibaziseka
Kwangoko ngoMatshi nango-Epreli kulo nyaka, ukuvaleka kweSuez Canal kwabangela ukuba abantu bacinge ngekhonkco lokubonelela ngezinto zehlabathi.Nangona kunjalo, ukusukela ngoko, izehlo zokuxinana kweenqanawa zemithwalo, ukuvalelwa kumazibuko, kunye nokulibaziseka kokubonelela ziyaqhubeka zisenzeka rhoqo.
Ngokutsho kwengxelo Southern California Maritime Exchange ngo-Agasti 28, iyonke 72 iinqanawa ikhonteyina zamisa kwizibuko Los Angeles kunye Long Beach ngosuku olunye, ukudlula irekhodi yangaphambili 70;Iinqanawa ze-container ezingama-44 zamisa kwiindawo zokubeka i-anchorage, ezisi-9 kuzo zikwiNdawo yokukhukuliseka nayo yaphula irekhodi yangaphambili yeenqanawa ezingama-40;Zizonke iinqanawa ezili-124 zeentlobo ngeentlobo zabotshelelwa kwizibuko, kwaye inani lilonke leenqanawa ezibotshelelwe kwindawo yokumisa lifikelele kwirekhodi engama-71. Ezona zizathu zolu xixinaniso kukunqongophala kwabasebenzi, ukuphazamiseka okunxulumene nobhubhane kunye nokunyuka kokuthengwa kweeholide.Amazibuko aseCalifornia eLos Angeles kunye neakhawunti yeLong Beach malunga nesinye kwisithathu se-US ethunyelwa ngaphandle.Ngokwedatha evela kwiPort of Los Angeles, umyinge wexesha lokulinda kwezi nqanawa lonyuke laya kutsho kwiintsuku ezisi-7.6.
Umlawuli olawulayo weSouthern California Ocean Exchange uKip Ludit uthe ngoJulayi ukuba inani eliqhelekileyo leenqanawa zeenqanawa ezikwi-ankile liphakathi kweqanda kunye nenye.ULutit wathi: “Ezi nqanawa ziyiphinda kabini okanye kathathu ubukhulu bezo zabonwa kwiminyaka eli-10 okanye eli-15 eyadlulayo.Bathatha ixesha elide ukothula, bafuna iilori ezininzi, oololiwe abaninzi, nokunye.Ezinye iindawo zokugcina iimpahla eziza kulayishwa.”
Ukusukela oko i-United States yaqala kwakhona imisebenzi yezoqoqosho ngoJulayi kulo nyaka uphelileyo, impembelelo yokunyuka kweenqanawa zokuhamba ibonakale.Ngokutsho kweBloomberg News, urhwebo lwase-US-China luxakeke kulo nyaka, kwaye abathengisi bathenga kwangaphambili ukubulisa iiholide zase-US kunye neVeki yeGolide yaseChina ngo-Okthobha, oye wanyusa ukuthunyelwa kwenqanawa.
Ngokutsho kwedatha ekhutshwe yinkampani yophando yaseMelika iDescartes Datamyne, umthamo wokuthunyelwa kweenkonkxa zaselwandle ukusuka e-Asia ukuya e-United States ngoJulayi unyuke nge-10.6% ngonyaka ukuya kwi-1,718,600 (ibalwe kwizikhongozelo ze-20-foot), eyayiphezulu kunoko. zonyaka ophelileyo kangangeenyanga ezili-13 zilandelelana.Le nyanga ibe nerekhodi eliphezulu.
Ukubandezeleka ngenxa yezandyondyo zemvula ezibangelwa yiNkanyamba i-Ada, i-New Orleans Port Authority yanyanzelwa ukuba inqumamise i-container yayo ye-container kunye neshishini lokuthuthwa kwempahla eninzi.Abarhwebi basekuhlaleni bemveliso yezolimo bayeka ukuthengisela amazwe angaphandle kwaye bavala ubuncinci iplanti yokucola iimbotyi zesoya.
Kwangoko kweli hlotyeni, i-White House yabhengeza ukusekwa kombutho wonikezelo lokuphazamiseka konikezelo ukunceda ukunciphisa imiqobo kunye nemiqobo yokubonelela.Ngomhla we-30 ka-Agasti, i-White House kunye neSebe lezoThutho lase-US lityumbe uJohn Bockarie njengomthunywa okhethekileyo wezibuko le-Supply Chain Interruption Task Force.Uza kusebenza noNobhala wezoThutho uPete Buttigieg kunye neBhunga leSizwe lezoQoqosho ukusombulula umsebenzi osemva, ukulibaziseka kokuhanjiswa kunye nokunqongophala kwemveliso okudibane nabathengi baseMelika kunye namashishini.
E-Asia, uBona Senivasan S, umongameli weGokaldas Export Company, omnye wabathengisi abakhulu bempahla yaseIndiya, uthe ukunyuka okuthathu kumaxabiso eekhonteyina kunye nokunqongophala kubangele ukulibaziseka kweenqanawa.U-Kamal Nandi, usihlalo we-Consumer Electronics and Electrical Appliance Manufacturers Association, umbutho woshishino lwe-elektroniki, uthe uninzi lwezikhongozeli zidluliselwe e-United States naseYurophu, kwaye zimbalwa kakhulu izikhongozeli zaseIndiya.Abaphathi boshishino bathi njengoko ukunqongophala kweekhonteyina kufikelele kwincopho, ukuthunyelwa kwezinye iimveliso kungahle kwehle ngo-Agasti.Bathe ngenyanga yeKhala, ukuthengiswa kweti, ikofu, irayisi, icuba, izinongo, i-cashew, inyama, iimveliso zobisi, imveliso yeenkukhu kunye nentsimbi kumazwe angaphandle kwehlile.
Ukonyuka okumandla kwimfuno yempahla yabathengi eYurophu kukwanyusa imiqobo yokuthumela ngenqanawa.IRotterdam, elona zibuko likhulu eYurophu, kwafuneka ilwe nokuxinana kweli hlobo.E-UK, ukunqongophala kwabaqhubi belori kubangele iibhotile kwizibuko kunye neendawo zikaloliwe zangaphakathi, ukunyanzela ezinye iindawo zokugcina iimpahla ukuba zale ukuhambisa izikhongozeli ezitsha de kuncitshiswe ukusilela.
Ukongeza, ukuqhambuka kwalo bhubhani phakathi kwabasebenzi abalayishayo nabazothula izitya kubangele ukuba amanye amazibuko avalwe okwexeshana okanye acuthwe.
Isalathiso sesantya somthwalo sihlala siphezulu
Isiganeko sokuvalelwa kweenqanawa kunye nokuvalelwa sibonisa imeko yokuba ngenxa yokuphindaphindeka kwemfuno, amanyathelo okulawula ubhubhane, ukwehla kwemisebenzi yezibuko, kunye nokuncipha kokusebenza kakuhle, okudityaniswa nokwanda kokugcinwa kweenqanawa okubangelwa zizaqhwithi, ukubonelela kunye nemfuno iinqanawa zithande ukuba ngqongqo.
Ukuchatshazelwa koku, amaxabiso phantse kuzo zonke iindlela ezinkulu zorhwebo aye anda kakhulu.Ngokutsho kwedatha evela kwi-Xeneta, elandelela amaxabiso omthwalo, iindleko zokuthumela i-container ye-40 yeenyawo eziqhelekileyo ukusuka eMpuma Ekude ukuya eNyakatho Yurophu inyuke ukusuka ngaphantsi kwe-US $ 2,000 ukuya kwi-US $ 13,607 kwiveki ephelileyo;ixabiso lenqanawa ukusuka kwiMpuma Ekude ukuya kumazibuko eMeditera linyukile ukusuka kwi-US $ 1913 ukuya kwi-US $ 12,715.iidola zaseMelika;i-avareji yeendleko zothutho lwesikhongozeli ukusuka e-China ukuya kunxweme olusentshona ye-United States yonyuka ukusuka kwi-3,350 yeedola zase-US kunyaka ophelileyo ukuya kwi-7,574 yeedola zaseMelika;ukuthunyelwa kwenqanawa ukusuka kwiMpuma Ekude ukuya kunxweme olusempuma yoMzantsi Melika kunyuke ukusuka kwi-1,794 yeedola zase-US kunyaka ophelileyo ukuya kwi-11,594 yeedola zase-US.
Ukunqongophala kwezinto ezithwala isambuku esomileyo nako kuthande ukuba ixesha elide.Ngomhla wama-26 ku-Agasti, umrhumo we-charter we-Cape of Good Hope kubathwali abakhulu abathwele isambuku esomileyo wawuphezulu ukuya kutsho kwi-US$50,100, eyayiyi-2.5 umphinda-phinde ngo-Juni.Imirhumo yeCharter yeenqanawa ezinkulu ezomileyo ezithutha intsimbi ekrwada kunye nezinye iinqanawa zinyuke ngokukhawuleza, zafikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu malunga ne-11 leminyaka.I-Index ye-Baltic Shipping Index (i-1000 kwi-1985), ebonisa ngokubanzi imarike yabathwali abaninzi abomileyo, yayiyi-4195 amaphuzu ngo-Agasti 26, inqanaba eliphezulu ukususela ngoMeyi 2010.
Ukunyuka kwamazinga omthwalo weenqanawa zeenqanawa zonyusile ii-odolo zeenqanawa zeenqanawa.
Idatha evela kwinkampani yophando yaseBritani iClarkson ibonise ukuba inani lee-odolo zokwakhiwa kweenqanawa kwisiqingatha sokuqala salo nyaka lalingama-317, elona nqanaba liphezulu ukusukela kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2005, ukwanda kwamaxesha angama-11 ngexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo.
Imfuno yeenqanawa zeenqanawa ezivela kwiinkampani ezinkulu zokuthumela ngenqanawa kwihlabathi jikelele nayo iphezulu kakhulu.Umthamo womyalelo kwisiqingatha sokuqala se-2021 ufikelele kwinqanaba lesibini eliphezulu kwimbali yomthamo wesiqingatha sonyaka.
Ukunyuka kwemiyalelo yokwakha iinqanawa kuye kwanyusa ixabiso leenqanawa zeenqanawa.NgoJulayi, isalathisi samaxabiso esitsha esitsha seClarkson sasiyi-89.9 (100 ngoJanuwari 1997), ukwanda konyaka-ngonyaka kwamanqaku epesenti ye-12,7, ukufikelela phezulu malunga neminyaka elithoba enesiqingatha.
Ngokutsho kwedatha evela kwi-Shailand Shipping Exchange, isantya sempahla ye-20-foot containers ethunyelwe ukusuka e-Shanghai ukuya eYurophu ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi yayiyi-US $ 7,395, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwamaxesha e-8.2;Izikhongozeli zeenyawo ze-40 ezithunyelwe kunxweme olusempuma ye-United States zaziyi-US $ 10,100 nganye, ukususela ngo-2009 Okokuqala ngqa ekubeni izibalo zikhoyo, uphawu lwe-US $ 10,000 lugqithisiwe;phakathi ku-Agasti, imithwalo yempahla eya kuNxweme oluseNtshona ye-United States yanyuka yaya kwi-US $ 5,744 (iinyawo ezingama-40), ukwanda kwe-43% ukususela ekuqaleni konyaka.
Iinkampani eziphambili zeenqanawa zaseJapan, ezinjengoNippon Yusen, zaxela kwangaphambili ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka-mali ukuba “ixabiso lempahla liya kuqalisa ukuhla ukususela ngoJuni ukusa kuJulayi.”Kodwa eneneni, ngenxa yemfuno emandla yempahla edityaniswe nesiphithiphithi samazibuko, umthamo wezothutho omileyo, kunye nokunyuka kwamazinga omthwalo, iinkampani zothutho zinyuse kakhulu ulindelo lwazo lokusebenza kunyaka-mali ka-2021 (ukuya kuthi ga ngoMatshi ka-2022) kwaye kulindeleke ukuba zithole eyona ngeniso iphezulu. kwimbali.
Iziphumo ezininzi ezimbi ziyavela
Impembelelo yamaqela amaninzi ebangelwa kukuxinana kweenqanawa kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso omthwalo kuya kuvela ngokuthe ngcembe.
Ukulibaziseka kokubonelela kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla.Ngokweengxelo, indawo yokutyela yaseBritane iMcDonald yasusa i-milkshakes kunye neziselo ezinxilisayo kwimenyu kwaye yanyanzela ikhonkco lenkukhu laseNandu ukuba livale okwethutyana iivenkile ezingama-50.
Ngokombono wempembelelo kumaxabiso, iphephancwadi i-Time likholelwa ukuba ngenxa yokuba ngaphezu kwe-80% yorhwebo lweempahla luthuthwa ngolwandle, ukunyuka kwempahla kusongela amaxabiso ayo yonke into ukusuka kwizinto zokudlala, ifenitshala kunye neengxenye zemoto ukuya kwikofu, iswekile kunye nee-anchovies.Inkxalabo eyongeziweyo malunga nokunyuka kwamaxabiso ehlabathi.
Umbutho weToy uthe kwingxelo kumajelo eendaba e-US ukuba ukuphazamiseka kwekhonkco lokubonelela sisiganeko esiyingozi kulo lonke udidi lwabathengi.“Iinkampani zezinto zokudlala zithwaxwa kukunyuka kwama-300% ukuya kuma-700% kumaxabiso othutho… Ukufikelela kwizikhongozeli nakwindawo kuya kuba neendleko ezongezelelweyo ezoyikekayo.Njengoko usondela umnyhadala, abathengisi baza kujongana nokunqongophala kwaye abathengi bazakujongana namaxabiso aphezulu. ”
Kwamanye amazwe, ukuhanjiswa kwempahla okulambathayo kunempembelelo embi ekuthunyelweni ngaphandle.UVinod Kaur, umlawuli olawulayo we-Indian Rice Exporters Association, uthe kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zonyaka-mali ka-2022, ukuthengiswa kwerayisi ye-basmati kwehle nge-17%.
Kwiinkampani zokuthutha, njengoko ixabiso lentsimbi likhuphuka, iindleko zokwakha iinqanawa nazo zinyuka, ezinokuthi zikhuphe inzuzo yeenkampani zokuthutha eziyalela iinqanawa zexabiso eliphezulu.
Abahlalutyi bamashishini bakholelwa ukuba kukho umngcipheko wokuhla kwemarike xa iinqanawa zigqityiwe kwaye zibekwe emarikeni ukusuka ngo-2023 ukuya ku-2024. Abanye abantu baqala ukuba nexhala lokuba kuya kubakho intsalela yeenqanawa ezintsha ezi-odolwe ngexesha isetyenziswe kwiminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-3.UNao Umemura, igosa eliyintloko lezemali kwinkampani yaseJapan yokuthumela ngenqanawa iMerchant Marine Mitsui, wathi, “Ngokucacileyo, ndiyathandabuza enoba imfuno yomthwalo wexesha elizayo inokuqhubeka kusini na.”
UYomasa Goto, umphandi kwiZiko loLwandle lwaseJapan, uhlalutye, "Njengoko imiyalelo emitsha iqhubeka nokuvela, iinkampani ziyawazi umngcipheko."Kumxholo wotyalo-mali olupheleleyo kwisizukulwana esitsha seenqanawa zamafutha zokuthutha i-liquefied natural gas kunye ne-hydrogen, ukuwohloka kweemeko zemarike kunye nokunyuka kweendleko kuya kuba yingozi.
Ingxelo yophando ye-UBS ibonisa ukuba ingxinano yamazibuko kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke kude kube ngu-2022. Iingxelo ezikhutshwe zizigebenga zeenkonzo zezemali i-Citigroup kunye ne-The Economist Intelligence Unit zibonisa ukuba ezi ngxaki zinengcambu enzulu kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba zinyamalale nanini na kungekudala.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-18-2021