NgoDisemba 11, 2001, iTshayina yajoyina ngokusemthethweni iWorld Trade Organisation.Esi yaba sisiganeko esibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yohlaziyo nokuvula ilizwe lam kunye nophuculo lobusoshiyali.Kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo, i-China izifezekise ngokupheleleyo izibophelelo zayo ze-WTO kwaye ngokuqhubekayo yandisa ukuvulwa kwayo, okuthe kwavula amaza okukhula kwentwasahlobo yophuhliso lwase-China yaze yavula amanzi asentwasahlobo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi.
Ukubaluleka kokungena kweTshayina kuMbutho woRhwebo weHlabathi
Ukujoyina uMbutho wezoRhwebo weHlabathi kuye kwabuguqula ngokunzulu ubudlelwane phakathi kwelizwe lethu kunye nenkqubo yoqoqosho lwehlabathi, okwenza ilizwe lethu lidlale ngokupheleleyo kwiinzuzo zalo ezithelekisekayo, lithathe inxaxheba ngokunzulu kulwahlulo lwenkqubo yezabasebenzi kumazwe ngamazwe, kwaye luphuhle ngokukhawuleza lube lolona rhwebo lubalulekileyo ehlabathini. kunye nelizwe lotyalo-mali;ukubonelela ngentatho-nxaxheba yelizwe lam kulawulo loqoqosho lwehlabathi Ngeemeko ezingcono, impembelelo yelizwe lam kumazwe ngamazwe iyaqhubeka nokukhula;ikhuthaze ngamandla uhlaziyo lwenkqubo yoqoqosho lwangaphakathi, yavuselela amandla abathathi-nxaxheba kwimarike, yaze yakhulula amandla ophuhliso loqoqosho.
Isikhuthaze ngempumelelo iwonga lelizwe lam kwinkqubo yoqoqosho lwehlabathi.Emva kokuzimanya noMbutho wezoRhwebo weHlabathi, ilizwe lam linokonwabela amalungelo elungu loMbutho woRhwebo weHlabathi kwaye lonwabele ngcono iziphumo zeziko lenkululeko kunye nokuququzelela urhwebo notyalo-mali lwamazwe ngamazwe.Oku kudale imeko yoqoqosho norhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe oluzinze ngakumbi, olucacileyo nolunokuxelwa kwangaphambili e-China, kwaye abatyali-zimali basekhaya nabangaphandle baye bawandisa kakhulu ukuzithemba kwabo ekuthatheni inxaxheba kweTshayina kulwahlulo lwezabasebenzi lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nophuhliso lwentsebenziswano yezoqoqosho nezorhwebo zangaphandle.Sidlala ngokupheleleyo kwiinzuzo zethu, sidibanisa ngokunzulu kulwahlulo lwehlabathi lwenkqubo yezabasebenzi, kwaye siqhubeke nokuphucula indawo yethu kwinkqubo yezoqoqosho yehlabathi.Kule minyaka ingama-20 idluleyo, umlinganiselo wezoqoqosho welizwe lam unyuke ukusuka kwindawo yesithandathu ukuya kweyesibini ehlabathini, ukurhweba ngeempahla kuye kwanyuka ukusuka kwindawo yesithandathu ukuya kweyokuqala ehlabathini, yaye ukurhweba ngeenkonzo kuye kwanyuka ukusuka kwindawo yeshumi elinanye ukuya kweyesibini ehlabathini, nokusetyenziswa kwempahla. yenkunzi yangaphandle iye yakhula ngokuthe ngcembe.I-China ikwinqanaba lokuqala, notyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwangaphandle lunyuka ukusuka kwi-26th kwihlabathi ukuya kwelokuqala.
Qonda ukukhuthazwa okufanayo kohlaziyo kunye nokuvula.Inkqubo yeminyaka eli-15 yokungena kuthethathethwano lwe-WTO/WTO ikwayinkqubo yelizwe lam eliqhubekayo lokuzinzisa iinguqu.Kungenxa kanye ngenxa yokuqhubeka nzulu kohlaziyo esinokuthi siphendule ngokufanelekileyo kwimpembelelo yokuvulwa kweemarike kunye nokuguqula uxinzelelo lokuvula kumandla emarike kunye nokwandisa ukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe.Emva kokujoyina uMbutho weHlabathi wezoRhwebo, ilizwe lam liyithobele ngokupheleleyo kwaye liphumeze imithetho yoMbutho wezoRhwebo weHlabathi, kwaye ligxile ekwakhiweni nasekuphuculeni imithetho nemigaqo yoqoqosho lwemalike ehambelana nemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe yoqoqosho norhwebo, nethe yavuselela amandla emarike. kunye noluntu.ilizwe lam liyisusile imiqobo engahlawulisiyo laze lehlisa kakhulu amanqanaba erhafu.Umgangatho weerhafu uwonke wehlile ukusuka kwi-15.3% ukuya kwi-7.4%, engaphantsi kune-9.8% yezibophelelo ze-WTO.Inqanaba lokhuphiswano kwimarike yasekhaya liphuculwe kakhulu.Kunokuthiwa ukujoyina uMbutho wezoRhwebo weHlabathi yimeko eqhelekileyo yokukhuthaza uhlengahlengiso kunye nokuvula kwilizwe lethu.
Ivule iphepha elitsha lokuthatha inxaxheba kwelizwe lam kulawulo loqoqosho lwehlabathi.Kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo, ilizwe lam liye lathatha inxaxheba ngokubonakalayo kuhlaziyo lwenkqubo yolawulo loqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nokuqulunqwa kwemithetho.Ithathe inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kumjikelo wothethathethwano we-Doha kwaye yenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kwimpumelelo yothethathethwano lolwandiso “lweSivumelwano soLungelelwaniso loRhwebo” kunye “neSivumelwano soLwazi lweTekhnoloji.”Emva kokuba luphelile uthethathethwano lokungena kuMbutho wezoRhwebo weHlabathi, ilizwe lam laqalisa ngokukhawuleza amalungiselelo orhwebo engingqi.NgoNovemba ka-2000, ilizwe lam laqalisa ukusekwa kwe-China-ASEAN Free Trade Area.Ekupheleni kuka-2020, ilizwe lam lityikitye izivumelwano zorhwebo zasimahla ezili-19 kunye namazwe angama-26 kunye nemimandla.Kwi-2013, inyathelo elithi "I-One Belt One Road" ecetywayo nguMongameli u-Xi Jinping ifumene iimpendulo ezintle ezivela kumazwe angaphezu kwe-170 kunye nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe.ilizwe lam nalo lithathe inxaxheba ngokubonakalayo kumaqonga olawulo loqoqosho lwehlabathi afana ne-G20, kwaye licebise isicwangciso saseTshayina sohlaziyo loMbutho woRhwebo weHlabathi.ilizwe lam lizibophelele ekukhuthazeni ulwakhiwo loqoqosho lwehlabathi oluvulelekileyo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo, ommandla kunye namazwe amabini, kwaye iwonga lalo kwinkqubo yolawulo loqoqosho lwehlabathi liyaqhubeka nokukhula.
Ukungena kweTshayina kwiWorld Trade Organisation nako kuyiphucule ngakumbi inkqubo yezoqoqosho yehlabathi.Ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba kwabantu baseTshayina abangaphezulu kwe-1.4 yeebhiliyoni, uMbutho wezoRhwebo weHlabathi ubungaphelelanga.Emva kokuba i-China ijoyine uMbutho wezoRhwebo weHlabathi, ukugqunywa kwemithetho yezoqoqosho nezorhwebo kumacala amaninzi kuye kwandiswa kakhulu, kwaye ikhonkco lokubonelela ngeshishini lehlabathi ligqibelele.Igalelo le-China kuhlumo loqoqosho lwehlabathi lifikelele malunga nama-30% iminyaka emininzi.Kuyabonakala ukuba ukungena kweTshayina kuMbutho woRhwebo lweHlabathi ikwalinyathelo elibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yomanyano lwehlabathi loqoqosho.
Amava kunye noKhanya lokujoyina uMbutho woRhwebo weHlabathi
Hlala unamathele kubunkokeli obuqinileyo beqela malunga nonobangela wokuvuleleka, kwaye uqhubele phambili namaxesha ukuphucula iqhinga lokuvula.Esona sizathu sibalulekileyo sokuba ilizwe lam likwazi ukufuna izinto eziluncedo kwaye liphephe ukungeloncedo kwinkqubo yomanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe lwezoqoqosho kukuba belisoloko libambelele kubunkokeli obuqinileyo bombutho wenjongo yokuvula amathuba.Kwinkqubo yothethwano lokungena kwi-WTO, iKomiti ePhakathi yeQela yagweba le meko, yenza izigqibo eziqinisekileyo, yoyisa imiqobo, yafikelela kwisivumelwano.Emva kokujoyina uMbutho wezoRhwebo weHlabathi, phantsi kobunkokheli obuqinileyo beKomiti ePhakathi yeQela, siye sazalisekisa izithembiso zethu, sazinzisa iinguqu, kwaye sazuza uphuhliso olunamandla lwezoqoqosho norhwebo.Ihlabathi namhlanje lijongene neenguqu ezinkulu ezingazange zibonwe kwinkulungwane, kwaye ukuvuselelwa okukhulu kwesizwe saseTshayina kukwixesha elinzima.Kufuneka sibambelele kubunkokeli beqela, siphumeze isicwangciso-qhinga sokuvula ngokukhawuleza, ngokuqhubekayo siphucula inqanaba lokuvula, kwaye siqhubeke nokomeleza amancedo amatsha elizwe lethu kwintsebenziswano yezoqoqosho kunye nokhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukuziqhelanisa nengqikelelo yophuhliso oluvulelekileyo kunye nokuzingisa ekwandiseni ukuvuleka ngokungagungqiyo.Unobhala Jikelele u-Xi Jinping uthe: "Ukuvuleka kuzisa inkqubela phambili, kwaye ukuvalwa ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kuba semva."Ukususela ekuhlaziyweni nasekuvuleni, ngakumbi emva kokujoyina uMbutho wezoRhwebo weHlabathi, ilizwe lam liye labambelela ngokuqinileyo ixesha lamathuba obuchule, ladlala ngokupheleleyo kwiinzuzo zalo ezithelekisekayo, landa ngokukhawuleza amandla alo esizwe, kwaye landa kakhulu impembelelo yalo kwihlabathi..Ukuvula kuphela kwendlela yempumelelo nophuhliso lwelizwe.IKomiti ePhakathi yeQela kunye noComrade u-Xi Jinping engundoqo ithatha uphuhliso oluvulekileyo njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yengcamango entsha yophuhliso, kwaye isikhundla kunye nendima yokuvuleleka kwinjongo yombutho kunye nelizwe kuye kwaphuculwa ngendlela engazange ibonwe ngaphambili.Kuhambo olutsha lokwakha ilizwe lobusoshiyali bale mihla ngendlela ejikelezayo, kufuneka sizingise ekuvuleni kwaye sandise inqanaba lokuvuleleka ngakumbi ngokuzithemba nangengqiqo.
Ukumisela ngokuqinileyo ingqiqo yemithetho kwaye ugxininise ekukhuthazeni ukuvulwa kweziko.Emva kokujoyina uMbutho woRhwebo weHlabathi, ilizwe lam liyihlonipha kakhulu imithetho yoMbutho woRhwebo weHlabathi kwaye lizalisekisa ngokupheleleyo izibophelelo zalo ze-WTO.Amanye amagunya amakhulu ayigatya imithetho yasekhaya kunemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe, athobela imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe ukuba ayavumelana, aze ayinyathele ukuba awavumelani.Oku akujongeli phantsi kuphela imithetho yamazwe amaninzi, kodwa ekugqibeleni kuya konzakalisa uqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nalo ngokwalo.Njengelona lizwe likhulu elisaphuhlayo kunye nelesibini ngobukhulu kwezoqoqosho kwihlabathi, ilizwe lam libonakalise uxanduva lwalo njengelizwe elikhulu, likhokela njengomkhi-mkhanyo, umkhuseli, kunye nomakhi wemithetho yezoqoqosho kunye norhwebo, ethatha inxaxheba ngokubonakalayo kuhlaziyo inkqubo yolawulo loqoqosho lwehlabathi, kunye negalelo e-China ekuhlaziyeni nasekuphuculeni imithetho yezoqoqosho nezorhwebo kumazwe ngamazwe.isicwangciso.Kwangaxeshanye, siza kuqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukuvulwa kwamaziko kunye nokukhawulezisa ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo entsha yoqoqosho oluvulelekileyo.
Yenza ipateni entsha yokuvula kwihlabathi langaphandle ngomda omkhulu, intsimi ebanzi, kunye nenqanaba elinzulu
Okwangoku, inkulungwane yotshintsho inxibelelene nobhubhani wale nkulungwane, ubume bezizwe ngezizwe buguquka ngokunzulu, inguqu entsha yetekhnoloji ihambela phambili ngokutsiba kunye nemida, inguqu eluhlaza kunye nekhabhoni ephantsi iyakhawuleza, uhlengahlengiso kulawulo loqoqosho lwehlabathi. liya likhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye idabi lokulawula ulawulo liye laqina ngakumbi.Uncedo oluthelekisekayo lwelizwe lam luye lwatshintsha kakhulu, kwaye kuyafuneka ukuba kusetyenziswe ngokusebenzayo ngakumbi izixhobo zokuvelisa izinto zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe ukudala inzuzo entsha yokuthatha inxaxheba kwintsebenziswano nakukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe.Ukujongana nemeko entsha kunye nemisebenzi emitsha, kufuneka sisoloko sibambelele kubunkokeli obuphakathi kunye nobunye beKomiti yeQela eliPhakathi kunye noComrade Xi Jinping engundoqo, siphumeze ngokupheleleyo iingcamango zika-Xi Jinping malunga ne-socialism kunye neempawu zaseTshayina kwixesha elitsha, kwaye ube kakuhle ukukhulisa amathuba kwiingxaki, ukuvula iimeko ezintsha phakathi kweenguqu, kunye nokukhuthaza Ipateni entsha yokuvula kwihlabathi langaphandle kunye nobubanzi obukhulu, intsimi ebanzi, kunye nenqanaba elinzulu liya kwenziwa.
Ukuphucula rhoqo inqanaba lokuvuleleka ekwakhiweni kwendlela entsha yophuhliso.Ukwakha ipateni entsha yophuhliso, kuyimfuneko ngaxeshanye ukuqhubela phambili uhlaziyo olunzulu kunye nokuvula, kunye nokuqonda ulungelelwaniso kunye nokukhuthazwa okufanayo kohlaziyo kunye nokuvula.Ukubambelela kuhlaziyo lwesakhiwo secala lonikezelo njengowona mgca uphambili, kwaye ukhuthaze ukuzimela ngokwetekhnoloji kunye nokuzithemba.Gxininisa kuhlaziyo lokunatyiswa kwamagunya, ulawulo kunye nenkonzo, ukuqhubeka nokwandisa imeko yoshishino, ukwakha imakethi yasekhaya emanyeneyo, kunye nemijikelo yoqoqosho engenamagingxigingxi.Ukukhokelwa kukuvuleleka okuphakamileyo, ukomeleza ukuqaliswa kotyalo-mali kunye neteknoloji kunye neetalente, ukudibanisa izixhobo ezintsha zehlabathi, ukuphucula ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezinomdla waseTshayina kunye namazwe angaphandle, ukwaphula isiqulatho sobugcisa kunye nokulawula ukulawulwa kweTshayina, ukusombulula ingxaki "yentamo exinyiweyo" ikhonkco lonikezelo, ukomeleza ukomelela kwetsheyini yoshishino, kunye nokufezekisa uCwangciso lwangaphakathi nangaphandle lukhuthazana kumgangatho ophezulu.
Hlakulela inzuzo entsha kwintsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokhuphiswano.Wabambe ngokuqinileyo amathuba acwangcisiweyo aziswe yinguqu yedijithali kunye nenguqu eluhlaza kunye nekhabhoni ephantsi, kwaye ukhawulezise ukusekwa kweenzuzo ezintsha zokhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe kumashishini asahlumayo elizwe lam.Ukuxhobisa amashishini emveli ngobuchwephesha bolwazi, ukuguqula amashishini afuna abasebenzi abaninzi kunye nemveliso ekrelekrele, kunye nokugcina ukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe kwiimveliso zelizwe lam zemveli ezithunyelwa ngaphandle.Yandisa ukuvulwa kweshishini lenkonzo kwaye uphuhlise ngamandla urhwebo lwenkonzo yedijithali.Ukuqinisa ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda kunye nokwandisa ukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe lwekhapitali kunye namashishini agxile kubuchwepheshe.Inkxaso yamashishini ukuba "ahambe kwihlabathi" ukudibanisa iimarike ezimbini kunye nemithombo emibini ukudala inkampani yezizwe ngezizwe exhaswa ngemali yaseTshayina enokhuphiswano oluqinileyo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukwakha inkqubo entsha yoqoqosho evulelekileyo ngokuchasene nemigangatho ephezulu yemithetho yezizwe ngezizwe yoqoqosho norhwebo.Ukuyibamba ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo yemithetho yoqoqosho lwehlabathi, kwaye uqhubeke nokukhuthaza urhwebo notyalo-mali inkululeko kunye nokuququzelela ngokuhambelana nenqanaba eliphezulu lemithetho yezoqoqosho kunye norhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ukuqhubeka nokwandisa imeko yoshishino, kunye nokwandisa uzinzo, ukungafihli kunye nokuqikelelwa koqoqosho lwangaphandle kunye imigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo.Nika umdlalo opheleleyo kumqhubi wezowuni yorhwebo yasimahla (izibuko lokurhweba simahla), ukhuthaze ngenkuthalo uvavanyo loxinzelelo olukwinqanaba eliphezulu lokuvula, uphonononge imodeli echanekileyo yolawulo lokuhamba ngocwangco komda wedatha, kwaye ushwankathele amava ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kopisha kwaye ukhuthaze. yona.Ukuphucula inkqubo yenkonzo yolawulo lotyalo-mali olusebenzayo nolulungelelanisiweyo ukukhusela ngokukuko umdla waphesheya.
Hlakulela imeko elungileyo yezoqoqosho kunye norhwebo.Ukuhlakulela ngamandla italente yamazwe ngamazwe kwezoqoqosho norhwebo, ukusungula ithiyori neendlela zorhwebo zoqoqosho nezorhwebo, nokomeleza amandla okuseka izihloko, uthethathethwano lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nonxibelelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe.Phucula izakhono zonxibelelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe kwaye ubalise kakuhle amabali aseTshayina.Ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokubonakalayo kuhlaziyo lwenkqubo yolawulo loqoqosho lwehlabathi, ukugcina ngokuqinileyo igunya lenkqubo yamazwe ngamazwe, ukukhuthaza ngokudibeneyo uhlaziyo loMbutho weHlabathi woRhwebo, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba ngokubonakalayo kuthethathethwano lwemithetho emitsha yoqoqosho norhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.Ukuqinisa intsebenziswano yophuhliso lwamazwe ngamazwe, ngokukhawuleza ukukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa komgangatho ophezulu we "Ibhanti kunye neNdlela", ukukhawuleza ukuphunyezwa kwe-Agenda yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ye-2030 yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukwakhiwa koluntu olunekamva elikwabelwana ngalo kuluntu.
(Umbhali uLong Guoqiang ngusekela-mlawuli weZiko loPhando loPhuhliso lweBhunga likarhulumente)
Umhleli ophetheyo: Wang Su
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-16-2021